美聯儲四年多來首次加息 點陣圖顯示后面連著還有9次_ING

在結束兩天的會議后，北京時間今天凌晨，美聯儲宣布加息25個基點。

這是2018年以來美國首次加息。

從新聞稿看，聯儲認為價格壓力是普遍的，不只是能源價格，還有勞動力等，目前的失業率已明顯下降（2月份美國CPI通脹率為7.9%，40年來最高；失業率為3.8%，已接近疫前水平）。

聯儲準備從下次會議開始，減少國債和機構債MBS的持有量。

投票委員中，圣路易斯聯儲主席James Bullard投票加息50個基點。

據FT報道，在會后的記者會上，聯儲主席鮑威爾談到加息是為了應對高通脹和緊張的勞動力市場 extremely tight labor market in high inflation.

點陣圖（dot plot，投票委員對利率區間的預測）顯示，聯儲官員比三個月前調高了利率預測，預計2022年剩下的時間還將加息6次，2023年加息至少3次。聯邦基金利率屆時將達到2.8%，高于影響經濟增長的“中性位置”（多數官員預測的中性利率為2.4%）。

CME“美聯儲觀察”：美聯儲5月加息25個基點的概率為81.6%:金色財經報道，據CME“美聯儲觀察”：美聯儲5月維持利率不變的概率為18.4%，加息25個基點的概率為81.6%；到6月維持利率在當前水平的概率為13.1%，累計加息25個基點的概率為63.3%，累計加息50個基點的概率為23.6%。[2023/4/19 14:12:48]

美國CPI（1965-2022）

美國勞動參與率（1948-2022）

聯儲新聞稿如下：

CME“美聯儲觀察”：美聯儲5月加息25個基點的概率為68.3%:金色財經報道，據CME“美聯儲觀察”：美聯儲5月維持利率不變的概率為31.7%，加息25個基點的概率為68.3%；到6月維持利率在當前水平的概率為29.6%，累計加息25個基點的概率為66.0%，累計加息50個基點的概率為4.4%。[2023/4/14 14:02:38]

March 16, 2022

For release at 2:00 p.m. EDT

Indicators of economic activity and employment have continued to strengthen. Job gains have been strong in recent months, and the unemployment rate has declined substantially. Inflation remains elevated, reflecting supply and demand imbalances related to the pandemic, higher energy prices, and broader price pressures.

美聯儲卡什卡利：對美聯儲的數字美元持懷疑態度:金色財經報道，美聯儲卡什卡利表示，美聯儲在提高金融包容性方面有很多工作要做；通貨緊縮肯定比通貨膨脹更糟糕；對美聯儲的數字美元持懷疑態度。[2022/10/20 16:30:57]

The invasion of Ukraine by Russia is causing tremendous human and economic hardship. The implications for the U.S. economy are highly uncertain, but in the near term the invasion and related events are likely to create additional upward pressure on inflation and weigh on economic activity.

美聯儲主席：支持呼吁建立穩定幣的監管框架:美聯儲主席鮑威爾表示，支持呼吁建立穩定幣的監管框架。 而美國參議員Toomey則敦促拜登不要擴大法律來監管穩定幣。（金十）[2021/11/2 21:16:48]

The Committee seeks to achieve maximum employment and inflation at the rate of 2 percent over the longer run. With appropriate firming in the stance of monetary policy, the Committee expects inflation to return to its 2 percent objective and the labor market to remain strong. In support of these goals, the Committee decided to raise the target range for the federal funds rate to 1/4 to 1/2 percent and anticipates that ongoing increases in the target range will be appropriate. In addition, the Committee expects to begin reducing its holdings of Treasury securities and agency debt and agency mortgage-backed securities at a coming meeting.

美聯儲主席：第二季度GDP增速降幅或為有記錄以來最大:美聯儲主席鮑威爾表示，第二季度GDP增速降幅可能是有記錄以來最大的。（金十）[2020/7/1]

In assessing the appropriate stance of monetary policy, the Committee will continue to monitor the implications of incoming information for the economic outlook. The Committee would be prepared to adjust the stance of monetary policy as appropriate if risks emerge that could impede the attainment of the Committee's goals. The Committee's assessments will take into account a wide range of information, including readings on public health, labor market conditions, inflation pressures and inflation expectations, and financial and international developments.

Voting for the monetary policy action were Jerome H. Powell, Chair; John C. Williams, Vice Chair; Michelle W. Bowman; Lael Brainard; Esther L. George; Patrick Harker; Loretta J. Mester; and Christopher J. Waller. Voting against this action was James Bullard, who preferred at this meeting to raise the target range for the federal funds rate by 0.5 percentage point to 1/2 to 3/4 percent. Patrick Harker voted as an alternate member at this meeting.

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